2018高考英语一轮语法专题复习讲练第一讲 构词法.docVIP

2018高考英语一轮语法专题复习讲练第一讲 构词法 第一讲构词法 一、构词法的分类 1．派生法，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。如： rich adj.富有的→enrich v．丰富 home n．家→homeless adj.无家可归的 2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。如： back n．背→back v．支持 slow adj.慢的→slow v．减慢 You can use in the ditch to the flowers. 你可用沟里的水浇花。 3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。如： blackboard n．黑板 hand-made adj.手工制作的 二、派生词 在高考英语试卷的语法填空题中，有两到三个小题涉及派生词。因此，我们此讲的重点为派生词。 (一)名词后缀 1．动词＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程) correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正 celebrate v．庆祝 celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会 conclude v．完成；结束 conclusion n．结论；结束 2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员 gather v．聚集；采集 gatherer n．收集者；采集者 conduct v．指挥；管理 conductor n．指挥；售票员 3．动词＋-ment→名词 punish v．惩罚 punishment n．惩罚 4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词 warm adj. 温暖的 warmth n．温暖 grow v．生长 growth n．生长 5．形容词＋-y→名词 difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n．困难 honest adj.诚实的 honesty n．诚实 6．形容词＋-ness→名词 kind adj.善良的 kindness n．善良 7．动词＋-ance→名词 annoy vt.使烦恼 annoyance n．生气；烦恼 8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份、关系、资格) member n．成员；会员 membership n．会员资格 professor n．教授 professorship n．教授身份 9．-ing结尾的名词 garden n．花园 gardening n．园艺 greet v．打招呼；问候 greeting n．问候 10．-age结尾的名词 marry v．结婚 marriage n．婚姻 short adj. 短的 shortage n. 短缺 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 From the 1.(express) on Mary’s face，he knew he left bad 2.(impress) on her and if she won the 3.(elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4.(organize), he could not get her 5.________(permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6.(pollute) and to help people enjoy a better Earth. When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7.(inspire) from his wife’s words. Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8.________(determine)to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9.(help)! I’m sure I will be the 10.(win) of the election.” He said