初中英语动词用法学习指导1.doc

初中英语动?词用法学习?指导17(动词语态)(2009-12-09 11:03:24) 转载标签：音乐教育被?动语态动词?语态 分类：英语教学 第二章 动词语态 一、动词语态的?定义及分类? 语态是动词?的一种形式?，它用来表示?句中主语同?谓语动词之?间的关系。 　　英语有两种?语态， 主动语态和?被动语态，主动语态表?示主语是谓?语动词动作?的执行者，被动语态表?示主语是谓?语动词动作?的承受者。例如： 1.I have repai?red the radio?. 我修好了收?音机。（主动语态） 　The radio? has been repai?red. 收音机被修?好了。（被动语态） 2.The stude?nts clean?ed the class?room. 学生们打扫?了教室。（主动语态） 　The class?room was clean?ed by the stude?nts. 教室被学生?们打扫了。（被动语态） 3.They will build? some build?ings in two years?.两年后他们?将要建一些?大楼。（主动语态） Some build?ings will be built? in two years?.两年后将要?建一些大楼?。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的?构成： 　　动词被动语?态由“助动词be? +动词过去分?词”构成，它有各种时?态的变化，动词被动语?态的时态变?化是通过助?动词be的?时态变化来?完成的。初中阶段我?们重点掌握?一般现在时?、一般过去时?及情态动词?的被动语态?构成及用法?，并对其他时?态的被动语?态构成及用?法有大致的?了解。 一般现在时?被动语态构?成：am(is, are)+动词过去分?词 一般过去时?被动语态构?成：was(were)+ 动词过去分?词 一般将来被?动语态构成?：will be+动词过去分?词 过去将来时?被动语态构?成：would? +动词过去分?词 32 现在完成时?被动语态构?成：have/has been+动词过去分?词 过去完成时?被动语态构?成：had been+动词过去分?词 现在进行时?被动语态构?成：am/is/are+being?+动词过去分?词 过去进行时?被动语态构?成：was/were+动词过去分?词 情态动词被?动语态构成?：情态动词+be+动词过去分?词(情态动词有?时态变化) 三、主动语态变?成被动语态?的方法 1.将主动语态?改为被动语?态应注意以?下三个方面?：将主动语态?的宾语改为?被动语态的?主语；将主动语态?的谓语动词?改为“be＋过去分词”结构；将主动语态?的主语改为?介词by之?后的宾语，放在谓语动?词之后（有时可省略?）。 I made the cakes? last night?. The cakes? were made by me last night?. 2.含直接宾语?和间接宾语?的主动语态?改为被动语?态时有两种?情况：把间接宾语?改为被动语?态的主语，直接宾语仍?保留原位；把直接宾语?改为主动语?态的主语，此时，间接宾语前?要加介词t?o或 for。如： ①He gave the boy an apple?．→The boy was given? an apple?．（或An apple? was given? to the boy．） ②Her fathe?r bough?t her a prese?nt．→She was bough?t a prese?nt by her fathe?r．（或A prese?nt was bough?t for her by her fathe?r．） 3.不带to的?动词不定式?作宾语补足?语的主动语?态，改为被动语?态时不定式?前要加to?。如： They watch?ed the child?ren sing that morni?ng．→The child?ren were watch?ed to sing that morni?ng 4.带复合宾语?的动词在改?为被动语态?时，一般把主动?语态的宾语?改为主语，宾语补足语?在被动语态?中作主语补? 足语。如： ①We call him Xiao Wang．→He is calle?d Xiao Wang． He 33 cut his hair short?．→His hair was cut short?． ②They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5.短语动词是?不可分割的?整体，改为被动语?态时要保持?其完整性，介词或副词?不可