中国产业结构和就业结构不平衡状态动态分析1979―2009.doc

中国产业结构和就业结构不平衡状态的动态分析1979―2009 　　摘要：基于改革开放以来中国产业结构和就业结构的演变，对比较劳动生产率和三次产业的偏离度进行了实证研究。结果显示，中国产业结构和就业结构之间存在严重的不平衡状态，就业结构的变化显著地滞后于产业结构的变化。提出了协调产业结构和就业结构的建议。 　　关键词：产业结构；就业结构；协调 　　中图分类号：F121.3文献标志码：A文章编号：1673-291X（2011）03-0197-05 　　 　　一、Introduction 　　The industrial structure is the components within various industries and components among industries，as well as internal composition which restrict economic ties and quantity.The industrial restructuring is the core indicators of economic restructuring，which also raises a number of important changes in the structural indicators.Employment structure is the result of the interaction between labor supply and demand，which reflects the demand for labor with the socio-economic development.Changes in employment structural also influence the economic growth.Promoting the coordination between industrial structure and employment structure is the basic way to optimize the adjustment of industrial structure and the full employment of the labor force.In the process of economic growth，with technological progress，division of labor，demand changes and the policy adjustment，industrial structure is in constant change，leading to employment changes in the same direction，the relationship between the two are interdependent and dialectical. 　　Comparative labor productivity and industrial structural deviation is the two important measures to judge the balance between industrial structure and employment structure.Comparative labor productivity is defined as a proportion of industrial output and employment.If the comparative labor productivity in a certain industry is less than“1”，meaning that the workforce in this industrial sector will be transferred to other departments，and lead to the decrease of this industry in the whole economy.The degree of deviation between industrial structure and employment structure can be judged from two ways: first，take the difference between “1” and labor productivity to determine the deviation degree of the ind