汉魏之际士人精神状态分析-analysis of intellectuals mental state in han and wei dynasties.docx

摘要汉魏之际是一个英雄辈出的时代，群情奋发，而处在这个时代的儒家知识分子——士人，也呈现出了一种激昂的风尚。这是一种历史个体因受各种因素影响而所呈现出的主观状态，是一种独立的不畏艰险的激昂的精神斗志和精神状态。魏晋之际的士人没有强大的中央权力支持他们实现儒家伦理规范，也无以安身立命。不像中央政权稳定时期的士人，“道”或儒家经典是部分士人做官吃饭的凭籍，无以为靠的逆境中的士人反而激发了昂扬的风尚。汉魏之际士人这种不依靠经典而奋发向上的激昂的精神状态，值得我们重视。这种风尚具体表现为建功心态、矛盾心态和笃志守道。士人激昂的风尚对汉魏之际的历史发展产生了深远影响，这种影响在官渡之战前后表现的最为明显。士人笃志守道的精神更是中华民族几千年传承的优秀的民族精神。随着汉魏嬗代的形成，以及士人受到的残酷迫害，使士人这种激昂风尚渐趋平淡，士人转向娱情山水了。曹操的“挟天子以令诸侯”其实更是“挟天子以令士人”。【关键词】汉魏之际士人精神状态IIAbstractTheendofHanandtheearlyofWeiwasatimeofheroes,emotionswereenergetic,andConfucianintellectuals-scholarshavealsoshownapassionatefashioninthisage,whichisahistoricalindividualwhoaffectedbyvariousfactors,shownasasubjectivestate,anindependentspiritoffightingspiritandmentalstatethatarenotafraidofhard.TheWei-Jinliteratiofthisperioddidn’thaveastrongcentralpowertosupportthemtoachievetheConfuciancodeofethics,Theywereunabletolivecomfortableandrealizetheirideals.Unliketheliteratiwholivedintheperiodofstablecentralgovernment,DaoortheConfucianclassicsisapartofthewaybywhichthevirtueofscholarsmaketheirliving,theliteraticouldn’trelyonanythinginthishardtime,however,thisenvironmentinspiredthehigh-spiritedstate.TheliteratioftheendofHanandtheearlyofWeididn’tdependontheclassicalandexertedthemselvestosomeimpassionedstateofmind,itisworthourattention.ThisfashionisspecificallyexpressedinFoundFeatattitude,ambivalence,andpersistenceoftheDao.Thehigh-spiritedstateoftheScholarshasaprofoundeffecttothehistoricaldevelopmentoftheendofHanandtheearlyofWei.DuringtheperiodsoftheGuanduwar,thisimpactisthemostobvious.Theliterati’sspiritofpersistenceoftheDaoistheexcellentandnationalspiritwhichtheChinesenationhaveheldforthousandsyears.JustasdynastyofWeireplacedHanaswellasthecruelpersecutionofintellectualsmadescholarofsuchperiodsbecomeplainer,scholarsturnedtoentertainfeelingsofthelandscape.CaoCaoscontrolledEmperorinordertomakeprinces,Infact,itisrelyingontheEmperorinordertocontrolledtheliterati.Keywords：TheendofHanandtheearlyofWei；theliterati；thementalstates.III绪论一、选题目的和意义近年来士人研究成为一个热点。但有关魏晋南北朝时期