汉语散文中的零形回指：基于四位作者部分作品的研究-zero anaphora in chinese prose a study based on some works of four authors.docx

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汉语散文中的零形回指：基于四位作者部分作品的研究-zero anaphora in chinese prose a study based on some works of four authors.docx

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汉语散文中的零形回指：基于四位作者部分作品的研究-zero anaphora in chinese prose a study based on some works of four authors

IntroductionBackgroundAnaphoraisakindoftextualelements,whichreferstoearliertextelementsandsharesthesamemeaningoftheantecedents(HallidayHasan,1976).ItissimilarlyexpressedbyLevinson(1987)asthephenomenonwherebyonelinguisticelement,lackingclearindependentreference,canpickupreferencethroughconnectionwithanotherlinguisticelement,andbyHuang(1994:1)as“arelationbetweentwolinguisticelements,whereintheinterpretationofone(calledananaphor)isinsomewaydeterminedbytheinterpretationoftheother(calledanantecedent)”.Thislinguisticphenomenonisaboutarelationbetweentwoexplicitorimplicitelements,theinterpretationofoneisdependentontheother,nomatterhowtheyexpressit.DifferentscholarsclassifyChineseanaphoradifferentlybasedonthenatureoftheantecedentinvolvedandtheirmorpho-syntacticproperties.LiaoQiuzhong(1986)proposesthatco-referenceinmodernChinesecanbeexpressedbythefollowingthreeways:isomorphicexpressions,partialisomorphicexpressionsandallomorphicexpressions.ChenPing(1987)advocatesthatthereexistthreetypesofanaphorainChineselabeledaszeroanaphora,pronominalanaphoraandnominalanaphora.XuYulong(Xu,1995:2)classifiesanaphoraintothreetypes,eachofwhichisfurtherdividedintoanothertwoonesrespectively,asillustratedinFigure1.1below(cf.Figure1.inY.L.Xu1995:2).AnaphoranominalverbalclausalNounanaphoranoun-phraseanaphoraverbanaphoraverb-phraseanaphoraclauseanaphoratextanaphoraFigure1.1AclassificationofdifferenttypesofanaphoraXuYulongidentifiesanaphora,whichincludesanygrammaticalformthatservesareferring-backfunction.Inanarrowersense,anaphoraonlyreferstotheuseofnominalexpressionswhichsharesthesamemeaningwithpreviousnominalexpressionsinthelinguisticcontextinordertoavoidrepetition.Mostoftheanaphorscommonlyencounteredconsistofpropernounsanddefinitenounphrases,demonstratives,pronouns,reflexivesandzeroforms,allofwhichestablishacontinuumwithregardtotheamountofinformationtheyconveytoidentifytheirreferents.Propernounsanddefinitenounphrasesaremaximallyinformativeandminimallyattenuated,andifused,directiveconnectionsbetweent