毫米波多普勒雷达收发前端关键技术分析-analysis of key technologies of millimeter wave doppler radar transceiver front - end.docx

摘 要毫米波雷达因具有角分辨率高、频带宽、多普勒频移大、系统体积小等优点 而得到迅速发展。W 波段的多普勒雷达因测速精度高，被广泛应用于多种测速场 合。作为多普勒雷达系统的关键部件，收发前端的性能优劣直接决定了多普勒雷 达系统的整机性能。本课题的目标是研制一个毫米波多普勒雷达收发前端，使其能产生 95GHz 连 续波信号和接收回波信号，并从回波信号中解调出多普勒频移信号。为了保证收发前端的高稳定性和可靠性，整个前端全部采用 MMIC 器件研制， 并用平面混合集成电路的实现方式完成了收发前端的研制。为了改善噪声特性提 高多普勒频率检测性能，整个收发前端采用全相参体制，所有信号均参考于高品 质晶振。此外，采用分模块的设计方法可以降低收发前端的研制难度。本文完成的工作有：1.结合系统要求分析收发前端总体指标，并根据指标要求完成了发射机和接收 机架构的选择以及收发前端的总体方案设计；2.完成了收发前端模块划分和指标分解，并对其中毫米波模块和中频模块进行 设计与调试；3.完成了收发前端的所有模块的级联测试。4.针对本课题中存在的不足提出了改进措施。测试结果显示发射机工作频率 95GHz，输出功率高达 16dBm，相位噪声低至-94dBc/Hz@10kHz、杂散抑制度优于 45dBc、频率稳定度优于±5×10-6/h，接收机 接收噪声系数优于 10dB，解调前接收增益约为 35dB，多普勒频率 50Hz~3MHz。关键词：毫米波，多普勒，测速，收发前端，平面混合集成电路ABSTRACTMillimeter-wave radar is developing rapidly as its advantage of high angular resolution, wide frequency band-with, high Doppler shift frequency and compact size of system. W-band Doppler radar is widely used in variety of speed measuring occasions because of its high speed accuracy. As the core of Doppler radar system, the performance of transceiver front-end directly affects the radar system.This thesis is aimed to develop a transceiver of millimeter-wave Doppler radar system which can transmit a 95GHz continuous wave signal and obtain the Doppler signal by receiving and demodulating its return signal.In order to ensure the high reliability and stability, the transceiver is realized by using MMIC chips and HMIC technology and it is designed to be coherent so as to improve the noise character and the detection performance.The main work of this thesis includes：Choose the transmitter and receiver’s architecture and design the whole scheme of transceiver by analyzing technical demands.Modularize the transceiver and distribute requirements each modules, then finish the design and test of millimeter-wave module and IF demodulation module.Accomplish the cascade test of the transceiver .Point out the deficiencies of this thesis and then propose several improvement methods.According to the test results, the transmitter operating at 95GHz c