缓释氮肥-聚羰基脲的合成工艺分析-analysis of synthesis technology of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer - polycarboxyurea.docx

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2018-05-28 发布于上海
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缓释氮肥-聚羰基脲的合成工艺分析-analysis of synthesis technology of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer - polycarboxyurea.docx

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缓释氮肥-聚羰基脲的合成工艺分析-analysis of synthesis technology of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer - polycarboxyurea

Thesynthesisofslow-releasenitrogenfertilizer-polymercarbonylureaandstudyofprocessconditionsABSTRACTThisthesiswithureaasthestartingmaterial,methanolasconversionagent,theslowreleasenitrogenfertilizer-polymercarbonylureawassynthesizedthroughtwostepsreaction.First,ureaandmethanolasrawmaterial,ureatranslatedmethylcarbamate(MC)underhightemperature,mediumpressure,withoutthepresenceofcatalystmade;Second,MCasrawmaterial,ureaassealingagent,polymercarbonylurea(PCU)wassynthesizedinthepresenceofinitiator,atthesametime,recoveryofmethanol,therecycleofmethanolisrealized.Thefirststepreactionby-productofammoniawasrecoveriedandtransferedintotheureasynthesisdevice,theureaissynthesizedthroughtby-productofammoniareactwithcarbondioxide,ammoniaandgreenhousegascarbondioxiderecyclewererealized.Themethylcarbamatewassynthesizedwithureaandmethanolasrawmaterials.Theproductwascharacterizedbymeltingpointandinfraredspectrum(FTIR),nuclearmagneticresonance(1HNMR)andothermoderndetectionmeans,whichconfirmthatproductwasmethylcarbamate;Throughorthogonalandoptimizationexperiments,theoptimumreactionconditionforsynthesisofmethylcarbamatewasobtainedasfollows:reactiontemperaturewas160℃,reactiontimewas3h,n(urea):n(methanol)=1:7;Bythemethodofeliminatingby-productammonia,thechemicalequilibriummovesinthedirectionofpositivereaction,reactionconversionrateincreasedfrom58.9%to85.7%.Polymercarbonylureawassynthesizedundertheconditionofmethylcarbamateasarawmaterial,potassiummethoxideorpotassiumcarbonateastheinitiator,andureaassealingagent.Thestructureofpolymerwascharacterizedbymeltingpointandinfraredspectrum(FTIR),X-raydiffraction(XRD)andnuclearmagneticresonance(13CNMR),structureofproducthasbeenconfirmedaspolymercarbonylurea;Thethermalstabilityofpolymercarbonylureawasstudiedbythermogravimetric(TG)anddifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC);Theweightandmolecularweightdistributionofpolymercarbonylureaweredeterminedbygelpermeationchromatography(GPC).Throughorthogonalandoptimizationexperiments,theoptimumreactionconditionforsynt