定语从句拔高拓展知识学习.docx

定语从句拔高拓展知识学习 Learning aims: 1. 关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句 2. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句关系副词引导定语从句在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when, where和why.1）when 在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。I can’t forget the night when I came to the farm.翻译：__________________________________________________2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地点的名词 situation, case, condition, point等表示抽象意义的名词。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.翻译：_____________ The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.翻译：________________ 3) why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason.That is the reason why I did so. 翻译：_______ I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday.翻译：__________________ 【注意】1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when, where 或why;若定语从句中不缺状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或 that引导定语从句。I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together.I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together.Do you know the reason ______he failed in the exam this time?The reason _____he gave me was reasonable.2) when, where, why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。when相当于at/in/on/during等+which.The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984.翻译： where相当于at/in/on/等+whichThe house in which he lived is a library now.翻译： why相当于for+which.Is that the reason for which he was absent from class?翻译： 2. 介词+关系代词（which, whom）引导的定语从句1) 介词+which 在定语从句中充当时间，地点，原因状语，相当于when, where, why.(上边已经讲述)2) 介词+which/whom, 关系代词作介词的宾语，这是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。which指物，whom指人。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键, 可根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选择介词。也可根据从句的相关动词来选用。This is the professor from whom I have learnt a lot.翻译： Have you see the pen with which I write my homework.翻译： In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.翻译： 【注意】在日常英语中通常把介词放在从句的句末，省略关系词which/whomThis is the professor (whom/that) I have learned a lot from.This is the camera (which/that) he often takes photos with.【学法点拨】1）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选取必须遵循“一先；二动；三意义”的原则。即：a.根据先行词的搭配而定；b.根据定语从句