被动语态综合讲解.docx

被动语态综合讲解 被动语态（一） 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：一、主动语态(active voice)二、被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态：do被动语态：am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：was/were done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：will/shall do 被动语态：will/shall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 5. 现在进行时 主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。6. 过去进行时 主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫 7. 现在完成时 主动语态：has/have done 被动语态：has/have been done The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。 The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了8. 过去完成时 主动语态：had done 被动语态：had been done The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。 The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。 9. 将来完成时 主动语态：will/shall have done 被动语态：will/shall have been done We will have cleaned the classroom by five oclock. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。 The classroom will have been cleaned by five oclock. 教室将在五点以前打扫完。10. 过去将来完成时 主动语态：would have done 被动语态：would have been done I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。 I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。 The headmaster said the artic