2011翻译补充笔记.doc

注：适用于万学海文赣州、烟台、天津、青岛、南京、济南、杭州、大连、合肥、重庆2011届考研暑期课堂。 The fire is the test of gold, adversity of strong man. 2011海文考研英语暑期大讲堂 ? 主讲：付博 ? 翻??? 译 ? 一．翻译标准及评分原则 1． 翻译标准： 文质说：“弃文存质”vs “辞旨文雅”【东汉·三支】 信达雅：“…信、达而外，求其尔雅…”【清朝·严复】 信顺说：“以信为主，以顺为辅”【现代·鲁迅】 创作论：“好的翻译等于创作”【现代·郭沫若】 美学论：“翻译是一种艺术”【现代·林语堂】 艺术论：“言、意不可分”【现代·朱光潜】 意境论：“艺术创作性翻译”【现代·矛盾】 神似说：“重神似而不重形似”【现代·傅雷】 化境说：“引‘诱’、避‘讹’、求‘化’”【现当代·钱钟书】 “既须求真，又须喻俗”——【唐代·玄奘】 What is done by night appears by day. ? Man’s youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever. ? 2． 评分原则：分段计分 ? 如何评分 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and the digital age will have arrived. 儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，到那个时候数字化时代就带到了。 ? The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. ? 在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。 ? 总结：分段释义、合理调整、言辞贯通、书写工整 1．? 词义“明确化” 2．? 结构“清晰化” 3．? 语序“通顺化” 4．? 书写“工整化” 二．英汉差异及考试热点? 英语：印欧(结构抽象 紧凑 形合 汉语：汉藏(结构具体 松散 意合 ? 1． 替换à重复 【汉】此物生南国。 【英】It grows in the south. ? 【汉】很多人从未出过国门。 【英】Many people never go abroad. ? 【汉】美国是当今唯一的超级大国。 【英】The USA is the only superpowers at present. ? 【汉】葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。 【英】Portugal is a smaller country than Spain. ? 【汉】国将不国，何以为家。 【英】When our fatherland is in great danger, there is no use to talk about sweet home. ? 【练习】 The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle. ? 【练习】 We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit r