高考语法讲义主谓一致.docVIP

2007年高考语法讲义（十五）主谓一致 主谓一致 ?句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型： 1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。 （together）with … except / but … S + besides … V rather than … as well as … A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift. Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash. 两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。 2．部分—整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。 70 percent two-thirds part of the / one’s + n +V half （整体） all the rest 1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value. ※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。 1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。 2）All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。 3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。 Each / Every Either / Neither Another + n（单数）+ V Many a More than one More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China. 不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。 Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。 4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。 A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station. Either A or B 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。 Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan. Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office. There be A, B and C 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。 5．需记住的其他规则 Either 1）Neither of + n 作主语，谓语用单数。 Each None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。 None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。 Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。 None of the cars was / were damaged. 这些车都没有受损。 None of the food has gone bad. 食物没有变质。 2）a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。 the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。 A large number of students are from the south. 很多学生是南方人。 The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000. 我校学生数已上升到3000人。 3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。 He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian. 他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。 在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。 （比较）He is the only one of the boys