2、Arthrology 关节学英文.pptVIP

Arthrology/The Joints ;How do the bones connect together?;fibrous connective tissue cartilaginous tissue osseous tissue; Classification ; ;Syndesmosis: unite the bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue, either a ligament or fibrous membrane, such as yellow ligaments and interspinal ligment between two adjacent vertebraes, the interosseous membranes of the forearm and the leg.;Synosteosis United by bone tissue which is usually from the ossification of the fibrous joint or synchondrosis. Eg: the synosteosis between the ilium, ischium and pubis of the hip bone sacrum ;Synovial joints (Discontinuous joints, freely movable Articulation) ;Synovial joints ;Synovial joints ;Artificial joint replacement;Synovial joints ;Synovial joints ;Ligaments(lig.) Articular disc/articular labrum Synovial fold /synovial bursa ;Accessory structures;Accessory structures;Accessory structures;Terms of movements;Flexion and extension Two antagonistic movement Performed in the coronal axis Flexion: the angle between the adjoining bones is decrease, come closer together Extension: the angle between the adjoining bones is increase, move farther together;Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion The Flexion and extension of ankle joint. Dorsiflexion: extending the foot Plantar flexion: flexing the foot;Adduction and abduction Performed in the sagittal axis Adduction: moving toward the median plane of body in the frontal (coronal) plane. Abduction: moving away from the median plane of body in the frontal plane. ;Rotation :Moving a part of the body around its long axis. Medial/lateral rotation Pronation and supination Specially for forearm Pronation: the palm is turned backward Supination: turned forward ;Inversion and eversion In the ankle joint, Turning the foot Inversion: the sole is inward, plantar flexion of foot Eversion: the sole is outward, dorsiflexion of foot ;Terms movements of joints;Gliding(or slipping) movement Simplest movement One surface moves back and forth or