小儿支气管异物取出术护理.docVIP

小儿支气管异物取出术护理 　　[摘要] 目的：探讨支气管镜异物取出术术前、术中及术后护理操作在减少术中、术后并发症发生中的重要作用。方法：通过对本院35例支气管镜异物取出术的患儿加强术前准备、在术中密切配合手术操作医生、术后有针对性地重点护理，统计患儿术中、术后并发症发生情况。结果：35例患儿中，支气管异物全部取出，术中无一例出现低氧血症或出血症状；术后均未见喉头水肿或痉挛、气胸及出血等症状发生。结论：采用支气管镜诊断及取出支气管异物的技术是安全、有效的，而加强其术前、术中及术后的护理，对减少术中、术后并发症有重要意义。 　　[关键词] 支气管镜术；支气管异物；小儿；护理 　　[中图分类号] R472 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1674-4721（2011）12（b）-122-02 　　 　　Nursing of bronchoscopy removal of foreign body in children 　　MENG Chenfang 　　Bronchial Endoscopy Center, Beijing Children Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China 　　[Abstract] Objective: To discuss the importance of reinforce the preoperative, intraoperation, and postoperative nursing of the bronchoscopy for decreasing the comlications during and after the operation in children with bronchial foreign body. Methods: Through strengthen the preoperative, intraoperation and postoperative nursing of the bronchoscopy for 35 children with bronchial foreign body, statistic the incidence of the commen complications. Results: Bronchial foreign bodise were moved out successfully with bronchoscopy in all 35 cases. There was no hypoxemia and bleeding during bronchoscopy operation and no laryngeal edema, bleeding and peumothorax after operation. Conclusion: Bronchoscpy is one of the most safty and efficiency therapies for bronchial foreign body. Strengthening the preoperative, intraoperation, and postoperative nursing will decrease the complications of bronchoscopy in children. 　　[Key words] Bronchoscopy; Bronchial foreign body; Children; Nursing 　　 　　支气管异物是婴幼儿呼吸道常见急症之一，常见于3岁以内的婴幼儿，如处理不当或不及时取出，会造成呼吸道梗阻、窒息、甚至死亡，严重威胁儿童的生命[1]，所以要准确判断及时取出异物。3岁以内的婴幼儿处于生长发育的好奇阶段，顽皮好动对新鲜事物充满好奇感是这个年龄段的特点，且这个阶段咀嚼和吞咽不协调，所以这个阶段易发生支气管异物。通过支气管镜诊断及取出异物是目前最安全、有效的方法[2]。支气管镜术前、术中及术后的护理对患儿的转归有着重要的作用。现报道35例支气管异物经支气管镜取出术的护理体会。 　　1 资料与方法 　　1.1 一般资料 　　本科室2011年6～10月通过支气管镜术取支气管异物35例，其中，男性24例，女性11例，0～1岁（不含1岁）15例，1～2岁19例，2岁以上1例。术前明确异物吸入史21例，喉镜取异物后残留的4例，35例患儿均出现反复咳嗽咳喘的症状，病程2 d～3个月，术中异物取出率为100%。异物种类以果仁为主2