内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料myocardial+infarction.pptVIP

Myocardial Infarction 心肌梗死 Myocardial infarction 心肌梗死 Myocardial infarction (MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction), also known as a heart attack心脏病发作, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is interrupted, resulting ischemia and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period, can cause damage and/or myocardium infarction. Angina心绞痛as a result of ischemia causes reversible cellular injury, and infarction is the result of sustained ischemia, causing irreversible cellular death. Classification 分类 Acute myocardial infarction is a type of acute coronary syndrome急性冠脉综合征. The acute coronary syndromes include: unstable angina (UA)不稳定型心绞痛. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) ST段抬高性心梗 non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) 非ST段抬高性心梗 Myocardial infarction Infarctions are described by the area of occurrence as anterior前壁, posterior后壁, inferior下壁 or lateral侧壁 wall infarctions. Inferior MI is also called a diaphragmatic MI (DMI)膈肌心梗 Common combination of areas are the anterolateral前侧壁心肌梗塞 or anteroseptal (房室)隔前的MI. Pathophysiology病理生理 The most common triggering event is the disruption破损of an atherosclerotic plaque粥样硬化斑块in an epicardial coronary artery. Plaques can become unstable, rupture破裂, and additionally promote a thrombus血栓(blood clot) that occludes阻塞the artery. When a severe enough plaque rupture occurs in the coronary vasculature, it leads to myocardial infarction. Pathophysiology 病理生理 Depending on the location of the obstruction in the coronary circulation, different zones of the heart can become injured. An occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)左冠状动脉前降支will result in an anterior wall myocardial infarct前壁心肌梗死. Infarcts of the lateral wall侧壁心肌梗死are caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery(LCx)冠状动脉左回旋支. Both inferior wall and posterior wall infarctions下壁和后壁心梗may be caused by occlusion of either the right coronary artery右冠状动脉or the left circumflex artery左冠状动脉回旋支