人得毕生发展.ppt

Development Across the Lifespan Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Learning Objective Menu LO 7.1 Special research methods used to study development LO 7.2 Relationship between heredity and environmental factors LO 7.3 Chromosomes, genes and DNA LO 7.4 How twins develop during pregnancy LO 7.5 How conjoined twins adjust to being connected LO 7.6 Germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods of pregnancy LO 7.7 Physical changes in infancy and childhood LO 7.8 Facts and myths concerning infant immunizations LO 7.9 Three ways of looking at cognitive development LO 7.10 How language develops LO 7.11 How infants and children develop personalities and form relationships LO 7.12 Erikson’s first four stages of psychosocial development LO 7.13 Changes in puberty LO 7.14 How adolescents develop formal operation and moral thinking LO 7.15 Adolescent’s search for identity LO 7.16 Physical and cognitive changes during adulthood and aging LO 7.17 Work, relationships, parenting, aging, and death LO 7.18 Theories of why aging occurs LO 7.19 Stages of death and dying LO 7.20 How attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affects adults Developmental Research Designs Human development - the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death. Longitudinal design - research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time. Cross-sectional design - research design in which several different age groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time. Cross-sequential design - research design in which participants are first studied by means of a crosssectional design but also followed and assessed for a period of no more than six years. Longitudinal Design Longitudinal Design Cross-Sectional Design Nature versus Nurture Nature - the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions. Nurture - the inf