北京交通大学教学课件—能源科学导论 第四章 新能源-1.pptVIP

太阳能汽车：日本东京电机大学最近设计出一种轻型太阳能轿车，其车顶上安装了两组蓄电池，利用太阳光充电后交替使用。一组蓄电池充电后可行驶110公里，夏季日照最长季节可达150公里，最适宜于日照时间长的地区使用。不用燃油，不污染环境。 太阳能自行车：美国科学家最近设计出了一种太阳能自行车。它在普通自行车上装一块由44个光电池组成的电池板，还装置一个铝蓄电池和功率为0．5马力的小型电动机。这种两用车在平地上行走时可用脚蹬，在上坡或身体疲乏时，则可开启电动机驱动自行车加速行驶。 太阳能牙刷：日本科学家最近开发研制出一种太阳能牙刷。在这种牙刷的柄腔内放置一定数量的二氧化钛，经太阳光照射后钛的氧化物会放出电子束，这种电子束使牙齿及其周围形成微小电场，并使牙刷的刷丝硬化。由于电磁效应和机械作用，可迅速清除粘贴在牙齿上的污垢。 Photovoltaic power is ideal for remote applications where other power sources are impractical or unavailable, such as in the Swiss Alps. PV power for off-shore navigational aids eliminates trips to and from shore to refill generators with fossil fuels. Solar-powered water pumps are very efficient and cost-effective in agricultural applications like this system in Kansas. Another farm application – keeping animals where they belong, behind PV-electrified fence chargers. The lamp in this PV-powered insect-trap comes on automatically after sunset. It attracts insects which collide with the metal grid and drop into the receiver below. PV applications include lighting for remote signs like this outdoor board along a U.S. highway. Off-shore navigational aids, which require little maintenance, can withstand harsh storms, and cut down on the cost and pollution of battery replacement and disposal by using PV for power. Many utility companies in the U.S. are turning to large PV systems to help meet peak power demand and reduce the need for building new power plants. This photovoltaic system in the Philippines not only provides electricity to the home, but also creates a shelter for this motorcycle. Maybe no uses are as dramatic and important as the portable PV panels and small refrigerators carried around Africa on the backs of camels. 为了降低塔式太阳能热动力系统的投资，发展了一种太阳坑发电技术。它是在地面挖一个球形大坑，坑壁贴上许多小反射镜，使大坑成一个巨大的凹面半球镜，它将太阳能聚焦到接受器，以获得高温蒸气。试验证实太阳坑发电的方案是可行的。由于其技术简单，成本低，有巨大的市场潜力。 Parabolic Trough Concentrators A photovoltaic trough concentrator system at the Australian National University Parabolic Dish C