切削液基础知识培养训练教材.ppt

2001.4. Cutting Fluids 2001.4. 切削液 切削液（Cutting Fluids) 游煌煌 主要内容 切削液的作用机理 切削液的添加剂 切削液的分类与选用 切削液的使用方法 Introduce The medium in which the cutting process takes place is called the cutting fluid, it may consist of liquid or gas. However, solids may also be introduced into this fluid and they influence the cutting process in their own way. The reasons use of cutting fluids Improving tool life; Reducing workpiece thermal deformation; Improving surface finish; Flushing away chips from the cutting zone. Cutting fluids categories Practically all cutting fluids presently in use fall into one of four categories: Straight oils Soluble oils Semisynthetic fluids Synthetic fluids Straight oils Straight oils are non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in an undiluted(未稀释) form. They are composed of a base mineral or petroleum oil and often contains polar lubricants such as fats, vegetable oils and esters as well as extreme pressure additives such as Chlorine, Sulphur and Phosphorus. Straight oils provide the best lubrication and the poorest cooling characteristics among cutting fluids. Synthetic Fluids Synthetic Fluids contain no petroleum or mineral oil base and instead are formulated from alkaline(碱性的) inorganic and organic compounds along with additives for corrosion inhibition. They are generally used in a diluted form (usual content ration = 3 to 10%). Synthetic fluids often provide the best cooling performance among all cutting fluids. Soluble Oil Fluids Soluble Oil Fluids form an emulsion when mixed with water. The concentrate consists of a base mineral oil and emulsifiers to help produce a stable emulsion. They are used in a diluted form (usual concentration = 3 to 10%) and provide good lubrication and heat transfer performance. They are widely used in industry and are the least expensive among all cutting fluids. Semi-synthetic fluids Semi-synthetic fluids are essentially combination of synthetic and soluble oil fluids and have charact