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《分子遗传学》名词解释习题
activator A eukaryotic specific transcription factor that binds to an enhancer, often far upstream of a promoter. allele Alternative form of a gene. alternative splicing Various ways of splicing out introns in eukaryotic premessenger RNAs so that one gene produces several different messenger RNA and protein products. Alu family A dispersed, intermediately repetitive DNA sequence found in the human genome about 300,000 times. The sequence is about 300 bp long. The name Alu comes from the restriction endonuclease that cleaves it. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Enzymes that attach amino acids to their proper transfer RNAs. anticoding strand The DNA strand that forms the template for both the transcribed messenger RNA and the coding strand. anticodon The three-base sequence on transfer RNA complementary to a codon on messenger RNA. antiparallel strands Strands, as in DNA, that run in opposite directions with respect to their 3’ and 5’ ends. antisense RNA RNA product of mic (mRNA-interfering complementary RNA) genes that regulates another gene by basepairing with, and thus blocking, its messenger RNA. anti-sigma factor A protein that interferes with the action of a sigma factor. antiterminator protein A protein that, when bound at its normal attachment sites, lets RNA polymerase read through normal terminator sequences (e.g., the N- and Q-gene products of phage ). AP endonucleases Endonucleases that initiate excision repair at apurinic and apyrimidinic sites on DNA. backcross The cross of an individual with one of its parents or with an organism with the same genotype as a parent. back mutation The process that causes reversion. A change in a nucleotide pair in a mutant gene that restores the original sequence and hence the original phenotype. bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) Artificial chromosomes used for sequencing that are derived from bacterial fertility factors (F plasmids). base excision repair The DNA excision repair mechanism that replaces a nucleotide lacki
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