单相独立光伏发电系统设计.doc

中文摘要 随着世界经济的高速发展、人口的增长和科技的进步，传统能源的消耗量越来越大，这就带来了一系列能源的耗尽和环境污染问题。为了应对能源逐渐短缺的严重局面，必须逐步改变能源消费结构，大力开发可再生能源，在能源供应领域走可持续发展道路，才能保证经济的繁荣发展和人类社会的不断进步。 在绿色可再生能源当中，太阳能凭借其存量无限、清洁安全以及易于获取等独特优点而受到了世界各国科研领域的普遍关注。在光伏发电的研究方面，人们将不断发现新原理、新材料、新工艺，将太阳能光伏发电系统向高效、低价方向发展。 为了进一步提高系统的性能，实现系统的优化及可靠运行，本文研究独立运行光伏发电系统的结构、工作原理和控制策略。相对并网系统，这对于国家正大力发展的西部太阳能资源开发来说是具有现实意义的。 本文详细介绍了光伏发电的国内外研究背景，光伏电池的种类、发电原理及输出特性，并介绍了独立运行光伏发电系统的组成、运行原理和应用，在此基础上论述了光伏系统常用的DC/DC变换电路，负载最大功率跟踪(MPPT)的方法，太阳自动跟踪系统等人们普遍关注的问题。融合了上述原理技术，设计一个功率为25W的独立运行光伏发电系统。 关键词：光伏发电;独立光伏系统;逆变器;自动跟踪系统 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of world economy, population growth and technological advances, increasing consumption of traditional energy sources, which brings a series of energy depletion and environmental pollution problems. In response to the serious energy shortage situation gradually, must gradually change the energy consumption structure, vigorously develop renewable energy sources, energy supplies in path of sustainable development, to ensure economic prosperity and social progress of mankind.  Among the green renewable energy, solar energy, with its stock of unlimited, clean, safe and easy access to other unique advantages and field of scientific research by the worlds attention. Photovoltaic power generation in research, it will continue to discover new principles, new materials, new technology, solar photovoltaic power generation system to the efficient, low-cost direction.  To further improve the performance of the system to achieve optimal and reliable operation of the system, this stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system of the structure, working principle and control strategy. Relative to the grid system, which for the western countries are to develop solar energy resource development is of practical significance.  This paper describes the domestic PV research background, type of photovoltaic cells, power generation principle and output characteristics, and describes the stand-alone photovoltaic power system