anesthesiaoverview课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ANESTHESIA:OVERVIEW Anesthesia is the use of medications and close monitoring to provide comfort and maintain vital life functions during surgery or other medical procedures. Anesthesia is concerned not only with the administration of anesthesia for surgery but also with many other areas of patient care, including critical care medicine, management of chronic pain,and respiratory therapy. Anesthesia: reversible, drug-induced loss of sensation in the entire body or in a part of it Local anesthetic agents: agents that block sensory and motor nerve conduction to produce temporary loss of sensation without a loss of consciousness General anesthetics: CNS depressants with action that can be induced and terminated more rapidly than sedative hypnotics Preanesthetic medication: may include sedatives, opioids, tranquilizers and anticholinergic agents What determines the type of anesthesia used? Your medical history. The results of your physical exam. This is done to evaluate your current health and identify any potential risks or complications that may affect your anesthesia care. The results of tests such as blood tests or an electrocardiogram The reason for your surgery and the type of surgery. . Physical status classification of the American society of Anestheriologist class Physical status 1 Patient has no organic physiologic, biochemical,or psychiatric disturbance 2 Patient has mild to moderate systemic disturbances that or may not be related to the disorder requiring surgery(eg,essential hypertension,diabetes mellitus) 3 Patient has severe systemic disturbances that may or may not be related to the disorder requiring surgery(eg,heart disease that limits activity,poorly controlled essential hypertension) 4 Patient has severe systemic disturbance that is lifethreatening with or without surgery (eg,congestive heart failure,persistent angine pectoris) 5 Patient is moribund and has little chance for surviva