学术研究中科研创新成果趋同和求异效应研究——以物理学领域为例.docxVIP

学术研究中科研创新成果的趋同和求异效应研究——以物理学领域为例管理学院宋家骥指导教师张诚摘要：科学家牛顿和哲学家奥特嘉对于科学发展的本质有着自己不同的认识。牛顿认为科学创新是由“巨人”推动的，然而奥特嘉确认为科学发展是每一个科学家的共同贡献所致，由此就产生了牛顿假设和奥特嘉假设这两种假设。根据牛顿的假设，科研领域中人们会更多的关注精英人群，更多的引用他们的研究成果，科学创新将会呈现出一种“趋同效应”。相反，如果奥特嘉假设是正确的，科研领域中人们将会更多的关注大众人群，之前曾经受到忽略的研究成果将会受到更多的关注，科学创新将会呈现一种“求异效应”。随着信息时代的来临，以及电子数据库的出现，知识的增长非常迅速。信息的快速膨胀在带给研究者更多选择的同时，也在挑战他们处理信息的能力。由于研究者可以引用到比以前多得多的论文，那些之前收到忽视的论文将会得到更多的引用，这样将会产生求异效应。但是随着研究者能更加轻易的获得当下最流行的观点，他们也很容易为之所影响，从而产生趋同效应。因此，本文将利用论文引用数据和多种统计方法，发掘在知识增长的背景下物理学领域中学术研究中科研创新成果的趋同效应和求异效应的规律。关键词：趋同效应；求异效应；文献计量；ABSTRACT：Newton and the Spain philosopher Ortega have different ideas about the pattern of scientific advancement. In contrast to Newton’s well-known aphorism that he had been able “to see further only by standing on the shoulder of giants”, Ortega wrote to argue that “experimental science has progressed thanks in great part to the work of men astonishingly mediocre, and even less than mediocre”.According to Newton’s hypothesis, researchers will put more emphasis on the eminent scientists and cite their papers, which will lead to an assimilation effect in the research area. On the other hand, Ortega’s hypothesis will enable researchers to pay attention to those mediocre scientists, which will lead to a diversification effect.Along with the information epoch advent and the emergence of electronic publications, there comes an information burst with available knowledge reaching an unprecedented size. This change will both broaden the work cited by scholars and challenge their ability to master the information. As the scholars can now cite more papers than before, those papers receiving little citations before can have a rise in concentration, which will cause the “diversification effect”. But if researchers can more easily find prevailing opinions, they are more likely to be influenced and to follow. This will cause the “assimilation effect”. In our paper, we will use the citation data and estimate some statistics models to detect the principle of the assim