数控回转刀架微处理器控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 数控车床采用数控回转刀架可以在一次装夹中完成多道工序加工，缩短辅助时间，减少多次安装所带来的误差。本课题通过对数控回转刀架的机械结构以及电气控制进行了研究，探索数控回转刀架的组成和工作原理。通过所学专业知识，完成了数控回转刀架机械部分与电气控制部分的设计，绘制了三维实体装配图及电气控制原理图，编制了数控回转刀架的控制软件。本课题的创新之处在于在设计延时锁紧功能部件的同时，实现了刀架电动机意外短路的保护功能。问题的解决在于采用电磁式过电流继电器来监测电动机中的电流大小。处于调整状态时，继电器处于释放状态；当刀架锁紧时，继电器吸合，常开触点闭合，8255A的PC3被置0，电动机停转。当出现故障，电动机短路时，继电器做出同样的动作，以达到保护目的。所设计的数控回转刀架很好的实现了快速准确自动换刀，提高了数控车床的加工效率。 关键词：回转刀架 蜗杆副 微机控制 换刀装置 Abstract With a single setup of NC rotary turret , CNC lathe can be completed in multiple processes processing, reducing support time and errors which caused by multiple installation. This topic of NC rotary turret on the mechanical and electrical control system conducted to explore the NC rotary tool holder of the composition and working principle. With the knowledge learned of before, I have finished the completion of the NC rotary tool holder of the mechanical parts and electrical control part of the design, drawing and assembly drawings and three-dimensional entities, electrical control schematics,and developed NC rotary turret control software. The innovation of this issue is delayed locking features in the design, while achieving a turret motor accident short circuit protection. The solution to the problem is making use of electromagnetic over-current relay to monitor of the current size of the motor. In the adjustment state, the relay is in the release state; when the turret is locked, and then normally open contact closure, PC3 of 8255A is setted to 0, and then the motor stalls. When failure is come out, motor short circuit, the relay to make the same movement, to achieve the protection objective. NC rotary tool holder is designed well to achieve a fast and accurate automatic tool changment, improving the processing efficiency of the NC lathe. Key words: rotary turret worm gear pair micracomputer control tool-changer 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 - 1 - 1.1 设计目的 - 1 - 1.2 课题背景 - 1 - 1.3 数控回转刀架的发展状况 - 1 - 1.3.1 国外数控回转刀架的发展状况 - 1 - 1.3.2 国内数控回转刀架的发展状况 - 2 - 1.3.3 未来数控回转