胸腔积液教学教材.ppt

Pleural Effusion;;;Figure 1. Anatomy of the pleural spaceSC: Systemic capillaries PC: Pulmonary capillaries ;;PLEURAL EFFUSIONS;Etiology and Pathogenesis;Clinical Manifestations ;Physical Examinations;Radiographic Appearance;A posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph of pleural effusion blunting of the posterior costophrenic angle ;Approach to the Patient with Pleural Effusion;Appearance of the Pleural Fluid;Separation of exudates from transudates;Routine tests on exudative pleural effusions;Cell count and differential ;Pleural fluid glucose levels ;Pleural fluid LDH level ;Pleural fluid pH ;Pleural fluid tests for malignancy ;Pleural fluid markers for tuberculosis ;Parapneumonic Effusion;Tuberculous Pleural Effusions ; Management of Tuberculous Pleural Effusions ;Malignant Pleural Effusions;Management of malignant pleural effusion;Diagnostic Workup of A Pleural Effusion;Thank you !!