腰椎中英文课件知识讲稿.ppt

* Structural Osteopathy  Lumbar Spine结构性整骨：腰椎 TakeCare Osteopathic Academy Milano - Italy We clarify how lumbar spine moves from a biomechanical point of view, in order to estimate the related osteopathic dysfunctions. 为了更好地探究与腰椎有关的整骨术，我们将从生物力学的角度弄清它们是如何运动的 LUMBAR VERTEBRA Body: Most voluminous; High increase from L1 to L5; The inferior articular facet is more extended than the lower one The pedicles: Very thick, sagittal, they graft from the body’s lateral posterior upper part; Lower edges are very hollowed on low part (foramen). Plates: thick, larger than higher; Oblique behind/ inside/ . Spinous process: very thick, almost horizontal; External border very thick. Transverse process: Long and narrow; Direction outside / behind. Articular process Higher ones are flat. Direction behind-inside; Lower ones are cylindrical segment. Direction ahead –outside; Articular interline is vertical, almost sagittal; Spinal canal: Triangle structure ; 腰椎 椎体： 所有脊椎中最大；从1到5腰椎逐渐增大； 下关节面更加延展 椎弓根： 厚，矢状面，从椎体后外侧上部连接； 边缘切迹，上下形成椎间孔 椎板: 厚，宽而不是高；斜向后/内 棘突: 非常厚，几乎水平；外边缘厚 横突: 狭长；方向外/后 关节突: 上两个为平面状，方向后内；下两个为圆柱状，方向前外； 关节间线垂直，几乎在矢状面 椎管: 三角形结构 L1: shows transverse processes low developed;横突伸出不多 L5: vertebral body is higher ahead than behind ( structural adaptation to bipedia);椎体前高后低（双足动物的适应性结构进化） transverse processes are very short;横突短 lower articular processes are more external in order to match with coccyx ones ;下关节突偏向外以对应尾骨突起 D12: concerning lumbar vertebral for its lower articular processes;通过下关节突与腰椎联系 transitional vertebra (lumbar spine hinge).转移过度性的椎体（腰椎转接枢纽） ANATOMO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 解剖生理特性 L1: colon – urinary bladder - prostate; 结肠—膀胱—前列腺 L2: colon – urinary bladder; 结肠—膀胱 L3: ovaries- testes; 卵巢—睾丸 L4: rectum - prostate - uterus - vagina - penis; 直肠—前列腺—子宫—阴道—阴茎 L5: rectum. 直肠 Organic match 组织对应 ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS解剖学标志 L1: spinous process at 12° rib level; 棘突位于12肋骨水平 L