英汉翻译讲义-第一篇 章.ppt

英汉翻译讲义;Chapter I What is Translation?;;;;The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern. 传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。 传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。 ;典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式，翻译无从着手。 ;;;翻译的过程就好比交通工具的换乘过程，两者之间有诸多相似之处。 ;翻译过程： ;;;Nida: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(linguistic view)(1969) Nida: “Translating means translating meaning”.(1986)(semantic) Nida: “For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (2001)(cultural) ;德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems Methods一书中说：;;;;when;翻译的本质：会意、写意;;II． 翻译的标准 ;; 玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗。 严复：信、达、雅 鲁迅：信、顺。“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿” 林语堂：忠实、通顺、美（beautifulness) 傅雷：神似（resemblance in spirit) 钱钟书：化境（reaching the acme of perfection);;;忠实（Faithfulness);III. 翻译策略;Free Translation, also known as sense-for-sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or “spirit” of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording. The purpose of sense-for-sense translation is to accommodate the needs of the target language reader by producing a text which conforms to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture and which does not therefore sound “foreign”. ;;;;;To kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟。 一箭双雕。 All roads leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 条条大路通北京。 殊途同归。 To grow like mushrooms. 雨后春笋;;IV. 翻译的过程 ;;(2)理解逻辑关系 ;;2.??达阶段;3.校核阶段 ;IV. 译者的素质 ;;;推荐阅读;General Planning