英美文学赏析 教学教材.ppt

西方文明的繁荣 —19世纪欧美现实主义文学 The Realistic Literature ;Introduction ;The expression Realism, when applied to literature of the 19th century, implies the attempt to depict contemporary life and society. 批判现实主义这一术语是后人概括出来的。法国的普鲁东（1809—1865）在《艺术的社会使命》中，最早作出“现实主义是批判的”论断。正式提出批判现实主义并给它下定义的是高尔基。高尔基指出：“资产阶级的‘浪子’的现实主义，是批判的现实主义；批判的现实主义揭发了社会的恶习，描写了个人在家庭传统、宗教教条和法规压制下的‘生活和冒险’，却不能够给人指出一条出路。” ;The growth of realism is linked to the development of science (especially biology), history and the social sciences and to the growth of industrialism and commerce. 现实主义产生的时代背景，我们可以概括为资本主义的确立与发展时期。 ? The main characteristics of critical realism are as follows: ????1. critical attitude ????? 2. objectivity ????? 3. characterization and typical background ????? 4. a time of novels;English Realism;Charles Dickens(1812-1870) ;; Full Name: Charles John Huffam Dickens (early alias: Boz) Date of Birth: Friday, February 7, 1812 Place of Birth: No. 1 Mile End Terrace, Landport, Portsmouth England Parents: Father-John Dickens (1785-1851); Mother-Elizabeth Dickens (1789-1863) Education: Approx. one year at William Giles school in Chatham, Kent (age 9-11); nearly three years Wellington House Academy in London (age 13-15); beyond this, largely self-educated. First Published Story: A Dinner at Poplar Walk published in Monthly Magazine (December 1833) ;/~dap1955/dickens/family_friends.html#wife Catherine (Hogarth) Dickens (1815-1879) : married April 2, 1836 in St. Lukes Church, Chelsea : Separated 1858 Children Charles Culliford (Charley) Dickens (1837-1896)Mary (Mamie) Dickens (1838-1896)Kate Macready (Katie) Dickens (1839-1929)Walter Savage Landor Dickens (1841-1863) Francis Jeffrey (Frank) Dickens (1844-1886)Alfred DOrsay Tennyson Dickens (1845-1912)Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens (1847-1872) Henry Fielding (Harry) Dickens (1849-1933)Dora Annie Dickens (1850-1851)Edward Bulwer Lytton (Plorn) Dickens (1852-1902); Date of Death: Thursday, June 9, 1870 (stroke) Place of Bur