英语论文摘要的写法 幻灯片课件.ppt

Abstract;摘要必须有目的、方法、结果和结论。摘要的主要功能是：1．使读者只看摘要就可以了解到论文的主要内容。2．为科技情报人员和计算机检索提供方便。因此，摘要应具有独立性和自明性，即它自身就能独立成文，不阅读全文就能获得必要的信息。　 ;学术论文的摘要;摘要的注意事项;摘要可以是陈述式的，也可以是信息式的，或者二者兼而有之。作为一般的学术论文，通常采用信息式的摘要，其内容主要包括：研究课题的目的、研究方法、所获结果及结论；评论、综述性文章以及专著等，通常采用陈述式摘要。 摘要一般以不超过300字为宜，英文摘要篇幅以250个实词左右为宜。 ;关键词;Abstract: This study investigates the development of lexical diversity in Chinese English majors’ writings from three perspectives: lexical variation, lexical sophistication and lexical errors. It is based on a sample of 200 writings from 2003 TEM4 and 2005 TEM8, involving 100 English majors from four universities in Shanghai. The findings show that as learners further their English language study, they achieve improvement in both lexical variation and lexical sophis- tication. As for lexical errors, error types and error tokens are on the increase. Among all the major errors, the article error is the most frequent one; however, improvement is found in verb employment. Key words: lexical variation; lexical sophistication; lexical error 中图分类号:H319　文献标识码:B　文章编号:1004-5112(2010)01-0040-07 ;提要:本研究从词汇多样性、词汇复杂性、词汇错误三个维度探索中国英语专业学生作文中词汇丰富性的发 展趋势。研究语料选自上海四所高校的100名英语专业学生的200份2003年四级、2005年八级考试作文卷。 研究结果发现,随着英语学习的深入、英语水平的提高,作文中词汇的多样性和复杂性都有显著提高;而词汇 错误,无论是其类型还是其数量都明显增多;文章写得越长,词汇错误出现的频率就越高;冠词错误的出现频 率最高,而动词运用情况则明显好转。 关键词:词汇多样性;词汇复杂性;词汇错误 ;要写好英文摘要，作者必须回答好以下几个问题： 　1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?) 2) 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?) 　3) 主要结果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?) 　4) 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?);目的（What I want to do?） ;过程与方法 (How I did it?);结果和结论 (What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?) ;常见的摘要句型有 ;11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This easy represents the proceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper co