英语语法课件 被动语态课件教学讲义.ppt

语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 ;动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。;一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done;在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：;People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。; Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)：;3) His father allows him a little money every month.;1) Many changes can be seen by the year 2008.;有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。 ;The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. The bookshelf hardly sells. ;　四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 ;2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 ;Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. ;1) How are you today? Oh, I _________ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling  C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt.;3) They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _____ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying  C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying;5) The pen I _____ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think, lost B. thought, had lost  C. think, had lost D. thought, have lost;7) Is his raincoat yours? No, mine _______ there behind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung  C. hangs D hung;9) In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served  C. serves D. served;11) People often want to know what my job is. Often I _______ that question. A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking ;13) All the preparations f