预防医学课件伤害教程文件.ppt

第十章 伤害;第一节 概述;南京“630”特大醉酒驾车交通肇事案 ;意外 = 伤害; 凡是因为能量（机械能、化学能、热能、电能及放射能等）的传递或干扰超过人体的耐受能力，造成器官组织损伤，或窒息导致缺氧，影响了正常活动，需要医治或看护的情况，称为伤害（injury）。;三、伤害的病因学与影响因素;? For most injury-related deaths, males have higher mortality rates than females; fire-related deaths are the notable exception. ? Mortality rates from road traffic injuries and interpersonal violence among men are almost 3 times higher than those among women.;Almost 50% of the world’s injury-related mortality occurs in young people aged between 15–44 years, the most economically productive members of the global population.;Over 50% of the global mortality due to road traffic injury occurs among young adults aged between 15–44 years.;（二）影响因素;四、伤害的流行病学;图10-1. 2000年全球伤害死因构成 ; 图10-2. 2000年全球疾病死亡率;我国的伤害死因： 自杀、交通伤害、溺水、意外跌落和意外中毒。 城市： 交通伤害、自杀、意外跌落、意外中毒、他杀； 农村： 自杀、交通伤害、溺水、意外跌落、意外中毒。;五、伤害的预防与控制;（三）监测干预，双管齐下 监测包括： 伤害的发生、死亡、预后、危险因素、危险环境、高危人群的监测 干预： 制定方案 干预评价 制定策略 综合预防。;伤害预防的十大技术策略;Haddon伤害预防十大技术策略;伤害预防的四“E”干预措施;第二节常见伤害的预防与控制;一、机动车伤害;10 Leading Contributors to the Global Burden of Disease* ;图10-3. 全球伤害死亡率;Provide an environment conducive to safety. Design or improve roads to separate road users going at different speeds and in different directions.;干预措施;二、意外跌落;Over 40% of the global mortality due to falls occurs among persons aged 70 years and over. ;三、自杀;Over 50% of the global mortality due to suicide occurs among young persons aged between 15–44 years.;四、溺水;Over one-half of the global mortality due to drowning occurs among children aged between 0–14 years.;五、意外中毒;Over 60% of the global mortality due to poisoning occurs among adolescents and adults aged between 15–59 years.;六、儿童眼外伤;七、火灾和烧（烫）伤;Children and young persons under the age of 44 years account for the highest proportion of the global mortality due to fire-related burns.;八、儿童窒息;复习思考题;5．试述溺水的主要原因及其预防与控制措施 6．试述意外中毒的主要原因及其预防与控制措施 7．儿童和老人有哪些常见的伤害？如何针对性地开展预防？