2019届高考英语一轮复习精细化学通语法第十三讲主谓一致讲义.docVIP

第十三讲 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 [名师指津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。 2．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。 3．and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。 4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures. 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。 5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 [对点练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The teacher as well as his children has (have) been invited to the party. ②What really counts is (be) the enjoyment. ③A smile and handshake show (show) welcome. ④My brother is one of the students who have_been_chosen (choose) to join the force. ⑤More than one student has_failed (fail) the exam. 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, mos