生理学精品教学（中南大学）肌学2014-Lei.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * When a motor neuron reaches a skeletal muscle, it divides into many terminal branches, each of which forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle cell (muscle fiber). * * * * LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM Department Human Anatomy Neurobiology, CSU 雷德亮 delianglei@csu.edu.cn Myology OUTLINE I. Classification of Muscle II. Structures of Muscles III. The Supplementary Structure of Muscles IV. Functions of Muscles V. Nerve Innervation VI. How to Study? I. Classification of Muscle Cardiac M. Striated Voluntary Involuntary Smooth M. Skeletal M. Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle The skeletal muscles of the whole body II. Structures of Muscles Muscle Belly: fleshy part Tendon(Aponeurosis ): strong collagen bundles 1. Muscle Belly Entire Muscle Epimysium 肌外膜 Fascicle Perimysium 肌束膜 Muscle fiber Endomysium 肌内膜 Muscle fiber Red muscle White muscle 2. Tendon(Aponeurosis) Strong collagen bundles Anchors muscle to the bone Tendon of flat muscle is called aponeurosis. 3. Shape and Classification of Skeletal Muscles Broad(flat) Muscle Short Muscle Long Muscle Circular Muscle Semi- Uni- Multipennate M 3.1 Shape 3. 2 Classification Shape Location Attachment Size Orientation of fibers function 1. Fascia III. The Supplementary Structure of Muscles Superficial: Fat tissue Covering almost the entire body Variable thickness Thermal insulation Energy store Deep: Collagen fiber membrane Sheath Septum superficial fascia deep fascia 2. Tendon Synovial Sheath and Synovial Bursa Fibrous Sheath Synovial Sheath Visceral Layer Parietal Layer Cavity of Sheath Mesotendon (腱系膜） 1. Muscle Attachment Sites Origin: The attachment that does not move when muscle shortens (proximal end) Insertion: The movable attachment (distal end) IV. Functions of Muscles 2. Distribution of Muscles Groups: Depend on the number of axi