分子生物学Chapter8 the hot topics in genomics and PostGenome .ppt

Chapter 8 the hot topics in genomics and Post-Genome Era Key points 重点掌握： The progress and importance of the HGP( HGP 计划的进展及重要意义)； Shotgun sequencing technology(鸟枪法序列分析技术)； The content of HapMap plan (HapMap计划内容) ； 人类元基因组计划 the concept and progress of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics( 转录组学、蛋白组学及代谢组学概念及进展)。 The studies on gene are the main line of life sciences in the 20th century 基因研究是20世纪生命科学的主线 ★ in the first half of the 20th century , as represented by genetics, the main outcomes of the life sciences include law of segregation , law of independent assortment , law of linkage and crossing over , chemical properties of gene, DNA double helix structure, etc. 20世纪的上半叶，以遗传学为代表，生命科学通过对基因分离、独立分配、连锁及化学属性等的研究，最后以作为遗传信息载体的DNA双螺旋结构的提出而告捷。 ★ In the second half of the 20th century, as represented by molecular biology, the life sciences reveal the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription, translation and analysis the genetic codes and put forward “the central dogma”. 20世纪下半叶，以分子生物学为代表，生命科学通过对基因复制、转录、翻译及遗传密码的分析与破译，最终以统一生命世界各层次，生命科学各分支的“中心法则”的问世而集成。 ★ In the 1990s, with the global genome project, particularly the Human Genome Project (HGP) , gene research has been near “the peak”, human knowledge on the life world reached an unprecedented depth and breadth. 20世纪90年代,随着全球基因组计划，尤其是人类基因组计划(HGP)规模空前、速度惊人的推进，基因研究已接近“登峰造极”，人类对生命世界的理性认识达到了前所未有的深度与广度。 The three major scientific discoveries in the 20th century (the theory of relativity, quantum theory, DNA double helix structure) have led to three major science and technology projects of human : 20世纪三大科学发现(相对论，量子论，DNA双螺旋结构)导致了人类三大科技工程: ★ Manhattan Project (nuclear weapons, nuclear power and nuclear technologies) 曼哈顿工程(核武器，以及接着而来的核动力和核技术的广泛应用)； ★ Project Apollo (lunar landing, space research and development);阿波罗工程(登月，航天与空间研究开发); ★ Human Genome Project (HGP) 人类基因组工程。 Topic 1 Genome and Genomics (基因组和基因组学) 1.1 Genome: the word ‘genome’ is from ‘gene’ and ‘chromosome’ , refers to a full set of chromosomes or