unit4--繁复与简短.ppt

翻译练习 I was up the next morning before the October sunrise, and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it; peeping down the spread of light, he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of gray mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped and crept to the hollow places, then stole away the line and column, holding skirts and clinging subtly at the sheltering corners where rock hung over grass-land, while the brave lines of hills came forth, one beyond other gliding. 第二天凌晨，在十月的太阳升起之前，我已经动身，并穿过旷野和丛林。十月的清晨乍暖还寒，日出的景象是很壮观的。透过一片晨曦，朝日从朦胧的山岗和起伏连绵的高低边际，沉重地抬起肩头。在它的逼视下，蒙蒙的雾气向下沉降，落到洼地里去，接着化成一丝丝一缕缕，悄然离去，而在草地之上悬崖之下的那些隐蔽角落里，雾气却还在引裾徘徊，而群山的雄姿却接二连三地涌现。 I take heart from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敌人吹嘘能在一两个小时内占领战略要地，却受到了顽强的抵抗，现在连外围地区都没有占领，这让我深受鼓舞。 3、她问起我的小说，我说讲的都是发生在上海这个后殖民花园里的混乱而真实的故事。 She asked about my fiction, and what I wrote about is all that chaotic but real stories, happening in the Garden with post-colonial style in Shanghai. 分析：此句汉语中的中心词“故事”前有一系列定语，英译时作了灵活处理，把较短的定语放在中心词前，而把含有状语意义的定语处理为英语里的现在分词表伴随，符合英语读者的逻辑思维。 繁或简，与文体很有关系，英汉皆然。一般说来，长句严密、周详、精确、细致，宜于阐述复杂的观点，抒发细腻的感情，描述具体的细节，常见于书面语，尤其是政论文、科技论文、公文或小说里的叙述与描写。短句简洁、明快、活泼、有力，宜于叙述事物，说明情况，抒发感情，对比强调，常见于口语，尤其是日常会话、辩论、演讲、台词、杂文、广播稿、儿童文学或小说里的人物对话。英汉互译时应注意繁简句式与文体的这种关系。 Complex vs. Simplex 1、英语的繁复（complex）在句式结构上有何特征？汉语的简短（simplex）在句式结构上有何特征？ 2、英语句式特征与汉语句式特征有怎样的差异？ 从属结构（subordination）是现代英语最重要的特点之一。 Crews认为， “subordination, the placing of certain elements in modifying roles, is a fundamental principle of writing.” 现代英语虽不大常用特长的句子，但包孕式复合句（complex sentences with embedded clauses）仍很常见，因而句子仍然具有一定的长度。 汉语常用散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句或并列形式的复句（composite sentences），以中短句居多，最佳长度为7至12字，书面语虽也用长句，字数较多，结构较复杂，但常用标点把句子切开，与英语相比，还属短句。 英语句子呈句首封闭、句尾开放。