作业10-多种经济成分并存+参考译文.doc

多种经济成分并存 国有企业改革始终是中国经济体制改革的中心环节。中国政府做了大量的各种各样的尝试，试图解决国有企业长期大面积亏损的问题。目前，中国国有企业的公司制改革已基本完成。经过股份制改造的国有企业，经济效益持续回升，总体实力和整体素质明显提高，对整个国民经济的控制力、影响力和带动力也不断增强。到2004年，全部国有工业企业及年产品销售收入500万元以上的非国有工业企业增加值中，国有及国有控股企业占42.4%，集体企业占5.3%，其余份额为非公有制企业占有，包括外商投资企业、港澳台商投资企业，以及个体和私营企业，呈现出多种经济成分并存的活跃局面。 据2004年的统计，中国进入世界500强的企业中，内地的14家企业全部是国有企业。中国企业500强中，国有及国有控股企业有370家，占74％；资产总额27.37万亿元，占96.96％；实现利润2663亿元，占84.09％。中小企业和非公有制企业已成为中国解决就业问题的主渠道，仅民营企业就占全社会就业总量的50%左右。 （选自《中国2005》） Diversified Economic Players Before 1978, China had a singular public-ownership economy, primarily run by state-owned enterprises, which contributed 77.6% of the national industrial output, and collectively-owned enterprises, which accounted for the remaining 22.4%. The introduction of the policies of reform and opening-up has offered the many economic players extensive opportunities for development. Against this backdrop was a rapid growth in industrial investments by foreign businesses as well as by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan companies; home-grown family and private industrial ventures also swiftly multiplied. The reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has always been central to Chinas economic restructuring. The Chinese government has done much to reverse the perennial losses of SOEs. At present, the corporatisation drive of SOEs is essentially complete. SOEs which have been transformed into joint-stock companies are more profitable, stronger and better, and have consolidated their position in the national economy. The 2004 industrial added value generated by state-owned companies and non state-owned companies with annual turnover exceeding five million yuan indicated that state-owned and state-controlled companies contributed 42.4 percent of the total value; collectively-owned enterprises accounted for 5.3 percent; non-state enterprises, including foreign companies, companies from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as family and private businesses make up the remaining. The resulting scenario is a vibrant sight