凤凰国际英语托福综合写作模板.ppt

TOEFL iBT Models for Integrated Writing Jack Hints 1.考生必须从根本上掌握英语八股文的结构。阅读时，考生必须按照八股文结构，记下这些viewpoints和supporting points 的details.　　 2.听力时，考生要记下说话者是如何反对这些Points的。注意的是说话者的反对顺序不一定按照阅读文章的演进顺序进行。（不同的结构） 如果points 没有漏掉，接下来的关键就是考生如何表达说话者和阅读内容的关系了。（依靠模板）　　 Contents Words Sentence patterns Text models 表示反驳的词语 differ from , disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge 表示同意的词语 Support， enhance, uphold, echo, back, justify, substantiate, advance, 总结听力材料 The speaker talks about The lecture discusses/is mainly discussing The professor made the point that 引出要点 First/second/third First/then/another point is that Or express the key point directly in a topic sentence. 引出例子 For example (instance)/one example is/such as/that is 增加例子 Next/Furthermore/another example is/in addition 对比观点 However/In contrast/on the contrary/on the other hand/but 对材料的指称： The speaker/lecturer/professor/listening material/lecture The writer/narrator/reading material/writing 开头句 The lecture discusses…which differs from the main idea in the reading that… The professor made the point that…. The reading does not discuss this point. Another important point is that…, but the reading does not discuss the point. Finally, the Professor stated that…. In general, the Professor discusses problems of…that the reading does not include.  开头句 According to the lecture, ….On the other hand/while the reading stated that… The professor made the point that…. On the contrary/however/in contrast, the writer demonstrated an idea that… The lecture supports/illustrates the idea that… The lecture contradicts/refutes/is in contrary to/is the opposite of the idea that… 总体写作模式: Page 110 Introduction Summary of the speaker’s position Relationship of the lecture to the reading Paragraph 1? ?? First key point from the lecture? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? Examples from the lecture? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? Explanation or connection to the reading