弗兰纳里·奥康纳《好人难寻》中悲剧美学-tragic aesthetics in flannery oconnors a good man is hard to find.docx

摘要弗兰纳里·奥康纳（1925--1964）是美国杰出的作家,她运用独特的写作技巧 致力于揭开日常生活中上帝恩典的神秘面纱。她的作品，包括长篇小说、短篇小 说、信件及评论等，均获得了很多奖项，其中包括美国国家图书奖。作为奥康纳最著名的短篇小说集，《好人难寻》共包含了十篇短篇小说。这 部作品揭露了世界的黑暗面，例如死亡、残忍和罪恶，因此很适合从悲剧美学的 角度来进行分析。从悲剧美学的范畴来看，美好的事物会不可避免地遭受毁灭与 磨难，最终引发悲痛，同情与奋发之感。这种悲剧性的效果能唤起读者们内心的 愤慨与怜悯，让他们重新开始审视自己的人生。本文主要从四个方面来分析《好人难寻》作品中的悲剧美学特征，即畸形人 物形象、恐怖化结局、第三人叙事视角以及主题。首先，从人物形象的角度来看， 人物和现实之中存在着一种悲剧性冲突，且人物在支撑情节发展上发挥了重大的 作用。其次，恐怖化和反讽性的结局是悲剧美学上另外一项典型特征。作为情节 分析的一个方面，结局恐怖化使得作品镀上了恐怖、愤怒及黑色幽默的色彩，引 人深思。此外，场景与情节之间也有着紧密的联系，两者相辅相成，起到了强化 主题的作用。再者，通过第三人称叙事方法，文学作品变得更具客观性。主题方 面，关于死亡与残酷的主题主要与社会的黑暗面相联系，关于顿悟与体现美国南 方矛盾的主题，引发读者的深思并起到警醒的作用。因此，笔者将从如上四个方 面对奥康纳作品中的悲剧美学特征进行较细致的分析，并揭示这些悲剧效果所产 生的原因。关键词：弗兰纳里·奥康纳，《好人难寻》，悲剧美学ABSTRACTFlannery O?Connor(1925—1964) is a great American writer. She tried to reveal the mystery of God?s grace in everyday life through her unique writing skills. Her works--novels, short stories, letters and criticism--had received a number of awards, including the National Book Award.As her most famous work, A Good Man is Hard to Find has indicated the dark sides in the world, such as death, cruelty and guilt. This book consists of 10 classic short stories and could be analyzed from the perspective of tragic aesthetics. In tragic aesthetics, good things suffer from the destruction and misfortunes inevitably and finally cause a feeling of sorrow, fear and pity, which will recall readers? anger and compassion and makes them re-think about their attitudes toward life.This thesis analyzes the basic features of tragic aesthetics in A Good Man is Hard to Find from four aspects --freaky images, typical endings and settings, third-person narration perspective and themes. Firstly, from the aspect of images, it indicates a tragic conflict between characters and reality and the image plays an important role in supporting plots. Secondly, the horrible and ironic ending is another typical feature of tragic aesthetics and belongs to the analysis on plot. It colors the story with horror, anger and black humor to make readers deeply