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关于“醉酒驾驶”犯罪的适用问题研究-research on the application of
摘要在《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》出台之前,对醉酒驾驶行为一般以行政处 罚为主,构成犯罪的,以交通肇事罪或者以危险方法危害公共安全罪定罪处罚。新出台 的《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》第 22 条规定,在刑法第 133 条后增加一条,作为第 133 条之一:“在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶,情节恶劣的,或者在道路上醉酒驾 驶机动车的,处拘役,并处罚金。”、“有前款行为,同时构成其他犯罪的,依照处罚 较重的规定定罪处罚。”。刑法第 133 条原本是有关交通肇事罪的规定,现将危险驾驶罪增加在其后作为第 133 条之一,使得在司法层面对“醉酒驾驶”犯罪适用法律时模糊 不清,没有形成明确、统一的法律适用标准,导致其与交通肇事罪、以危险方法危害公 共安全罪之间的法律适用之争。导致“醉酒驾驶”犯罪法律适用问题的原因较多。首先鉴于修正案的立法形式,立 法没有对“醉酒驾驶”犯罪设立独立法条予以规制,而是选择在交通肇事罪后增设法条, 同时,立法也没有采纳对醉酒驾驶造成严重后果的情形增设结果加重犯的立法建议,为 醉酒驾驶案件的法律适用引发诸多争议埋下了隐患;其次,对“醉酒驾驶”犯罪的处理, 在司法层面没有形成一个明确统一的法律适用标准的情况下,司法机关也没有及时出台 相关的司法解释以指导对“醉酒驾驶”犯罪案件的处理;最后,司法机关在对“醉酒驾 驶”犯罪案件的处理时,对该类犯罪的立法目的的理解有待进一步深刻,在适用法律时 对自由裁量权的应用没有达到良好效果。要解决好有关“醉酒驾驶”犯罪的法律适用中存在的问题,醉酒驾驶行为入罪在立 法上得以确立,仅仅是开始,法律要走的路还有很长。从立法根源上屡清各相似犯罪的 关系,建立合理的刑法体系则必不可少;鉴于在司法实务中产生的诸多法律适用问题, 司法机关应及时出台相关司法解释进一步明确、细化醉酒驾驶的法律适用标准,指导对 “醉酒驾驶”犯罪案件的审理,提高司法效率及保证司法质量;司法人员在审理“醉酒 驾驶”犯罪案件时,应时刻注重刑罚目的的实现,在特殊情形下,需要应用自由裁量权 时,务必合法、合理使用,保证法律的正确适用。关键字:醉酒驾驶;危险驾驶罪;法律适用ABSTRACTIn the PRC Criminal Law Amendment ( eight) prior to the introduction of drunk driving behavior, generally by the administrative punishment, which constitutes a crime, for the crime of traffic accident or dangerous to approach the crime of endangering public security shall be convicted and punished. The introduction of the new PRC Criminal Law Amendment ( eight) the provisions of article twenty-second, article 133rd of the criminal law in an addition, as one of 133rd: drive a motorized vehicle on the road to chase compete drives, aggravated, or in the way of drunken driving motor, detention, a fine. , with the conduct of, at the same time constitutes another crime, in accordance with the provisions for a heavier punishment shall be convicted and punished.. Article 133rd of the criminal law on the crime of causing traffic casualties was provided, the dangerous driving crime increased thereafter as one of 133rd, caused in the judicial layer face drunk driving criminal law is ambiguous, did not form a clear, uniform law applicable standards, leading to its and traff
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