基于荷载试验的桥梁结构安全性检测与评估分析-analysis of bridge structure safety inspection and evaluation based on load test.docx

摘要桥梁荷载试验是一种评价桥梁安全性能的无损检测方法，可以对桥梁的结构设计与 施工质量是否达到预期目的做出科学的评估，可以验证桥梁的结构设计理论和计算方法 是否合理，可以了解桥梁的承载能力以及工作性能，为桥梁的正常运行、养护管理和加 固改造提供科学依据。本文以广元市苍溪县唤马镇新建东河大桥为对象进行研究，通过理论分析、数值模 拟和现场荷载试验相结合的方法，研究了在静力荷载、动力荷载作用下桥梁结构参数的 变化情况；通过对试验结果的比较分析，从而对桥梁的安全性做出评估，为桥梁的竣工 验收、安全运营和维修养护提供了科学的数据资料。本文主要做了以下几方面的工作：（1）通过理论分析和有限元软件 Midas/Civil 进行数值模拟，确定了桥梁现场静 载试验的各加载工况、主控制截面和截面中各测点的空间位置以及各工况下的加载与卸 载的过程和量级；（2）通过静载试验，测定桥梁在各工况荷载作用下主控制截面中的应力、挠度或 位移值，并将各工况作用下的实测值与模拟值进行比较分析，以验证大桥是否符合设计 和规范要求；（3）通过动载试验，测定桥梁在试验荷载作用下的汽车荷载冲击系数、主梁自振 频率以及桥梁的动力特性；（4）通过对静载、动载及裂缝观测的试验结果进行分析，从而评估其结构的安全 性，同时为桥梁的竣工验收和将来的养护维修工作提供科学的数据资料。关键词：荷载试验；检测；评估；数值模拟AbstractLoad test is a kind of the nondestructive testing method of bridge safety detection, which can assess whether the structural design or the construction quality of bridge have been as expected scientifically. It also can verify that whether the structural design theory or the calculation methods are reasonable. And also we can learn about the bridge’s carrying capacity and working performance from it. Therefore, it can provide the scientific basis for the normalrunning、maintance management and reinforcement or reconstruction of bridge.In this article, the changes of parameters of Donghe Bridge in Guangyuan under dynamic and static load by using theoretical analysis method combining the numerical simulation and load test in-situ are studied. The main works done by the author are as fellows:The load conditions of the static load test in-situ were established, consisting of the loading-unloading procedures and load level of each condition, and the location of the main control sections and measuring points through theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation of Midas/Civil.The stress and displacement of the control section under the test load were measured through the static load test. And then comparing with the theoretical value to verify that whether the bridge’s performance under load meets the design expectant standard or not.The impact coefficient, natural vibration and dyn