微生物學-17-宿主的專一性防禦：免疫反應- 01.ppt

* * * * * * * * Copyright ? 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 17 part A Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION 2011/04/01 * QA Why doesn’t the adaptive immune system normally attack your own body tissues? 2011/04/01 * Specific Defenses of the Host：The Immune Response Innate immunity (nonspecific)：Defenses against any pathogen. Adaptive immunity (specific)：Induced resistance to a specific pathogen. Immunity：Specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen. Antigen (Ag) A substances that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells. Antibody (Ab) Proteins made in response to an antigen. 2011/04/01 * Types of Acquired Immunity後天性免疫的類型 Acquired immunity： refers to the protection an animal develops against certain types of microbes or foreign substance. Actively：is acquired actively when a person is exposed to microorganisms or foreign substances and the immune system respond. Passively：is acquired passively when antibodies are transferred from one person to another. 2011/04/01 * Acquired Immunity Naturally Acquired Immunity： Naturally acquired active immunity： is obtained when a person is exposed to antigens in the course of daily life. Naturally acquired passive immunity： involves the natural transfer of antibodies from a mother to her infant. Transplacental transfer： Colostrum： 2011/04/01 * Acquired Immunity Artificially Acquired Immunity： Artificially acquired active immunity： Results from vaccination(Ag). Immunization Vaccines. Artificially acquired passive immunity： Involves the introduction of antibodies (rather than antigens) into the body. Antiserum：(serology) Globulins：(a, b and g-globulin) g-globulin：immune serum globul