全国疾控卫生应急培训之19-Rapid Needs Assessment快速需求评估.ppt

* 同上 Visual inspection of the affected area: May include aerial inspection; direct observation; Interviews with key informants: These may include the following Refugees themselves: Leaders/Administrators: local and area authorities Health workers: ministry of health, traditional health care workers, other health care workers Personnel from emergency response organizations Individuals in the affected population Review of the existing information: Baseline health information: size, composition and prior health and nutritional condition of the emergency-affected population Health services and programs functioning before and during the emergency Other information: geographical and environmental characteristics of the country and affected area: administrative and political divisions of the affected area, settlements, water sources, main transport routes and health facilities Rapid surveys: collection of health data from medical facilities; rapid estimation of population size by mapping, review of records Should be reserved for essential data not available from other sources * 估计人群大小：绘图，空中或卫星照片，为估计每个避难所的人数做抽样调查。如果可能，可以利用已有的资料：如政府的人口普查，帐棚登记，计算新来的人 Estimation of population size: mapping, aerial or satellite photos, sample survey to assess the number of persons per shelter. Utilize pre-existing data if available: government census, registration in camps, count new arrivals 人口统计数据：估计总人口和根据年龄组和性别的分布 Demographics: estimate of total population and distribution by age groups and sex. 弱势人群的资料：妇女，儿童（5岁以下的儿童），老人，残疾人，无监护人的未成年人，由女性作为家长的家庭。确定这些人中的特殊组中的特殊问题 Data on vulnerable groups: women children (especially children 5 years), elderly, disabled, unaccompanied minors, female-headed households. Determine if any special problems within these groups. 社会-文化会在有情感色彩的事件中起重要作用：例如，考虑每一个人并且解决他们各自的需要。影响因素有：领导，社区机构，宗教，和一些特殊的风俗。 例如：在一些伊斯兰教国家，如果没有提供男女分开的治疗场所，女性将不能享受卫生服务 Socio-cultural issues important if any programs are to be affective: i.e. reach all individuals and address t