全国疾控卫生应急培训之15-Intro to Disasters灾害引发的公共卫生后果.ppt

Thank youMark Keim, MDmkeim@cdc.gov * Disasters occur when a population is exposed and is vulnerable to a hazard. Hazards are potential threats to humans and their welfare. Examples of “hazards” may include natural events such as geological events (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides), hydro-meteorological events (floods, storms: tornadoes, hurricanes; drought; and wildfire) and biological events (human disease-communicable and non-communicable including zoonotic disease, and botanical disease); technological hazards (those induced by man) include transport crashes, hazardous material releases, violence, fires/explosions or structural collapses. When these hazards impact on humans, plants, or animals the potential for a “disaster” occurs. To be defined as a disaster, the effects must exceed the ability of community or society to cope with the effects of its own. * Natural: caused by the forces of nature. Human-generated: caused by man such as transport crashes (marine, air, and ground), hazardous material release, violence (civil unrest, terrorism: chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear and explosive and warfare), fires and explosions, and structural collapse. “Na-Tech” which is a combination of natural and technological. Situations in which a natural disaster may trigger a technological disaster. The last category is complex natural disasters. It is rare that you find a pure natural disaster. Generally natural disasters create additional follow-on technological disaster events. Hurricane Katrina precipitated chemical spills, fires, and environmental polution. * The Pacific is the most disaster prone area in the world followed by Asia; Latin America and Africa; and North America, Europe, and Australia, the least. Reasons why disaster deaths occur more frequently in developing countries among the poor: Housing: Poor are least able to afford housing that can withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes; they