抗生素英文课件精品FurtherTopics recently under .ppt

Further Topics recently under Discussion List of Contaminants and related Quality Problems in Honey Antibiotics New Antibiotics During the last year, more and more antibiotics were found in honey samples besides the classic ones like ?Tetracyclines, Streptomycine or Sulphonamides Tylosin was newly admitted in Canada, but could also be found in honey from other origins, e.g. USA, Further single compounds coming into focus are:Dapson and Trimethoprime as well as Groups like Macrolide (e.g. Erythromycine), Lincosamide, ?-Lactame antibiotics and Penicillines and Fluroquinolone like e.g. Enrofloxacin, Norfloxacin New Antibiotics Results from our laboratory Number of samples n.n. pos. Tylosine since 03/04 3302 2411 891 Dapsonsince 11/04 16 15 1 Makrolides (10 compounds)since 06/04 514 335 179 ?-Lactame-antibiotics, penicilline (9 compounds)since 10/04 45 36 9 Fluroquinolone (13 compounds)since 10/05 180 121 59 Fluroquinolone Ultrafiltration Ultrafiltration According to the EC Directive on Honey (2001/110/EC), it is permitted to market ?Filtered Honey‘ Filtered Honey: ?honey from which foreign organic and inorganic matter have been removed in such a way as to result in hte significant removal of pollen“ (Annex I) Reason for Filtration: To remove crystallization nuclei To get a clearer appearance Ultrafiltration Problems: Identification of originIt is not possible to identify the origin of honeys by microscopic pollen analysis, where based on the pollen type and percentage composition the origin of the honeys is determined Danger of adulterationFiltered honey of good quality can be mixed with low quality honeys: honeys filtered by systems of activated charcoal and membrane to remove residues including e.g. antibiotics? optically and organoleptically neutral product Additionally: a lot of valuable compounds are removed Up to now there is no possibility to detect adulterations of natural honey in filter