药物滥用对健康的影响PPT课件.ppt

第四讲 药物滥用对健康的影响 Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse has a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance-enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include 酒精、苯丙胺类似物、 巴比妥酸盐、 苯二氮焯类 (例如 阿普唑仑,替马西泮, 安定、 氯硝西泮)、可卡因、安眠酮、阿片样物质。 Substance dependence When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. These, along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders. Drug misuse Drug misuse is a term used commonly for prescription medication with sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, or stimulant properties are used for mood alteration or intoxication ignoring the fact that overdose of such medicines have serious adverse effects. Chronic use leads to a change in the central nervous system which means the patient has developed tolerance to the medicine that more of the substance is needed in order to produce desired effects. When this happens, any effort to stop or reduce the use of this substance would cause withdrawal symptoms to occur. Legal drugs are not necessarily safer. A study in 2010 asked drug-harm experts to rank various illegal and legal drugs. Alcohol was found to be the most dangerous by far. 药物滥用(Drug Abuse) 一般是指违背了公认的医疗用途和社会规范而使用任何一种药物。这种使用往往是自行给药，因而对用药者的健康和社会都会造成一定损害。 药物滥用的概念是指长期和/或过量使用具依赖性潜力的药物，与公认医疗实践的需要无关，导致了成瘾性、精神混乱和其它异常行为。 中国目前存在的“滥用抗生素”“滥用激素”等概念，严格讲应为“药物错用”。 常见临床药物滥用 ①抗生素的滥用。如滥用庆大霉素等氨基苷类抗生素，常可引起耳毒性，由此引