参考土壤重金属污染评价方法的研究概况.doc

土壤重金属污染评价方法的研究概况 摘 要 土壤重金属污染是资源开发和其他工业生产项目环境影响评价的重要生态敏感因子。本文从土壤重金属污染的角度探讨了当前国内外土壤安全评价的研究进展，对传统土壤污染评价方法的缺点和不足进行了说明，分析了各种方法的优劣之处和适用范围，通过分析表明各种评价方法都有一定的局限和不足之处，在评价中要对实测数据样本点进行充分分析，反复试验比较， 结合评价的目的和侧重点选择较优的方法。最后提出根据实际的情况采用多种方法结合，同时，应该从重金属污染生态效应着手，开发生物评价法。并对国内外土壤重金属生物有效性评价方法的研究进展作了简要综述，对今后的研究作了展望。 关键词：土壤，重金属污染，评价方法，概述 The soil heavy metals pollution evaluates the research general situation of method ABSTRACT The pollution of the heavy metal in soil is vulnerable factor of ecology for the environmental assessment in the resource development and the industrial project. . The development of the international soil safety assessment was discussed from the aspect of the soil polluted by heavy metal. . The shortcomings of the traditional assessment methods for the pollution assessment of soil were explained , and so on typical soil heavy metal pollution assessment methods and models in domestic and foreign were summarized. The advantages, disadvantages and application range of those methods were analyzed. It was indicated by the comparison analysis that a variety of evaluation methods had certain limitations and inadequacies. It was necessary for selecting better evaluation methods to carry out full analysis of the sample points, comparison of trial and error with the purpose of evaluation and focus on in pollution assessment of soil heavy metals. Finally, combining a variety of methods according to the actual situation was put forward. At the same time， it should start from the ecological effects of heavy metal pollution, develop biological evaluation method . A review with references is given on the methods for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals in soils and some further studies were also stressed. KEY WORDS: soil contamination，heavy mental，assessing method，review前　言 1 第1章 土壤重金属风险评估方法概况 2 1.1土壤重金属风险评估研究现状 2 1.1.1 健康风险评价方法 2 1.1.2 生态风险评价方法 3 1.3基于土壤重金属形态学的重金属污染风险评价方法 4 1.3.1 基于形态学研究的RAC风险评价法 4 1.3.2 次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)和次生相富集系数法(PEF) 5 第2章 重金属污染的土壤安全评价 6 2.1 土壤重金属污染安全评价的研究概