病理生理学精品课件（复旦大学）01 Introduction.pptVIP

c. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ － Decreased ATP (ATP 酶） － Decreased phospholipid （磷脂酶） － Disruption of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins （蛋白酶） － Nuclear chromatin damage （内核苷酶） d. Increased permeability of membrane e. Mitochondrial injury or dysfunction Thank you for your attention * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c. Specific pattern of necrosis （特殊类型坏死） ? Caseous necrosis (干酪样坏死） － Most often in T.B. infection － Dry and yellow cheesy foci grossly － Structureless, amorphous granular debris ? Fat necrosis （脂肪坏死） － Typically occuring after pancreatic injury － Chalky white areas grossly － Necrotic fat cells with basophilic calcium deposit － Inflamatory infiltration ? Fibrinoid necrosis （纤维蛋白样坏死） － Mostly occuring in hypersensitivity reaction － Smuday eosinophilic and homogeneous masses (Fibrin, Ig, and plasma proteins) ? Gangrene （坏疽） 又名：gangrenous necrosis （坏疽性坏死） －Attached by bacterial infection in infarcted organs or tissues (often in opened organs) － Presented with dark or black color in necrotic areas (Fe2+ + H2S FeS) － Divided into 3 categories (dry, wet and gas) Dry Wet Gas Causes A occlusion A+V occlusion Deep wound + aerogen infection Morphologic feature of lesion Consequence Dry, demarcated Mild, local Wet, poorly demarcated Severe, systemic Wet, poorly demarcated, bubble formation Tab 1. Comparison of 3 Types of Gangrene ? Consequence (结局) ? Resolution and absorption （溶解吸收） ? Detachment and discharge （分离排出） － Ulcer （溃疡） － Cavity （空洞） － Encapsulation （包裹化） ? Organization （机化） ? Calcification （钙化） B. Apoptosis （凋亡） 又名：Programmed cell death （程序性细胞死亡） ? Definition