病理生理学精品课件（复旦大学）04 Neoplasm.pdf

Introduction What is Neoplasm? Neoplasm is one kind of abnormal proliferation. The ABNORMALITY means The proliferation of tumor has: 1 3 The change of Heredity qualities Heterogeneity 2 Autonomy 1 Tumor’s proliferation causes Changes of quality I. Anaplasia (间变) - also called undifferentiation, to form backward . This means the different characters on growth, morphology, function, metabolism and biobehaviors, between the tumor cells and normal cell. - A certain degree of cytogenetic atavism (返祖现象). 1 Tumor’s proliferation causes Changes of quality II. Atypia (不典型增生) - usually referred as to cell morphologic abnormality caused by inflammation or precancerous lesion. Columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia. The columnar cells with cytoplasmic luminal snouts are illustrated very clearly. The columnar cell population represents the majority of the cells here - note the variability of nuclear morphology and the presence of nucleoli (red arrows). The blue arrows point to admixed myoepithelial cells which in this image have clear cytoplasm and small pyknotic nuclei (HE x 40) . - -cch- 1 Tumor’s proliferation causes Changes of quality III. Dysplasia(异形增生) - referred as to benign neoplastic lesion with some characters of malignancy, but has not reached the criterions of malignancy. - divided into three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. III. D