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明朝司礼监对中枢决策之干预
摘 要
朱元璋建立明朝后,为强化皇权,废除了存在二千多年的宰相制度,改变了
传统的中央行政体制, 使中央的组织机构无论从形式上还是内容上都发生了一系
列的变化。明朝的历代皇帝都在探寻新的辅政体制,内阁制度便应运而生。票拟
制度的出现,使内阁具有了参与机务的机会,具有了对国家事务的制度化的决策
权。这样,对中央事务的处理要经过内阁票拟皇帝批红这一联系紧密的程序,形
成了明代独具特色的中央行政决策机制。然而,由于皇帝怠政厌政以及幼小等原
因,皇帝经常让司礼监代帝批朱。这样司礼监利用这一机会,不断扩大自己的权
力,干预明朝的中央决策,使明朝成为中国历史上宦官干预朝政最为剧烈的几个
朝代之一,给明朝政治经济军事司法造成了恶劣的后果。虽然司礼监拥有如此大
的权力,然而却不能像唐代后期宦官那样任意废立皇帝。明代的司礼监始终受制
于皇权。
关键词: 明代 司礼监 中枢决策 干预
4
Abstract
The establishment of the Ming dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to strengthen
the imperial power, the abolition of the existing system of 2,000 years of prime
minister, has changed the traditional system of central administration, the central
organization in terms of form and content have taken place in a series of changes.
Ming Dynasty emperors in the past to find new Fuzheng system, cabinet system will
come into being. Appear to be counting system so that the cabinet has the opportunity
to participate in the maintenance, the state affairs with the institutionalization of the
decisionmaking power. In this way, the central issues to be dealt with after the
Cabinet vote to grant the emperor red this closeknit procedures, the Ming Dynasty
formed a unique central administration decisionmaking mechanism. However, the
emperor Dai G disgust governance and the young and other reasons, the emperor
often awarded to Sili Jian and Zhu Dili. This Sili Jian advantage of this
opportunity to expand their powers, the central decisionmaking intervention in the
Ming Dynasty, Chinas Ming Dynasty eunuch history of intervention Zhaozheng most
intense one of several dynasties, the Ming dynasty to the political and economic cause
of military justice a bad consequences . Although Sili Jian has so much power, but it
has notarbitrary as
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