材料概论第一章.ppt

Composite materials: are constituted by two or more different materials, have specific properties. glass fiber reinforced resins: lightweight composites with high mechanical strength concrete: an agglomeration of cement, sand and gravel 1.4 Use of materials Factors related to the use of a material are: Quality: properties and functions Economy: costs related to materials, processing and energy Environment: environmental behavior of the material Resources Recycling: resources and possible recycling 1.5 Materials Science Materials Science: to establish the relation between composition, atomic or molecular organization, the microstructure and the macroscopic properties of materials. Materials Science studies: 化学组成、化学键、合成方法: chemical composition, chemical bonds and synthesis methods 特性: nature of materials 结构与性能的关系: describe the relationship between structure and properties based on crystal physics and solid physics 材料科学:  基于现代科学技术，一方面，利用化学手段研究材料的化学成分、化学键和合成方法； 另一方面，借助物理学方法，研究材料性质, 主要根据晶体物理和固体物理描述材料结构和性能的关系。 The four basic aspects of materials science and technology Materials Engineering: concerned with manufacturing, transformation and shaping processes. Research Fields 研究领域 Materials Science Research Fields 研究领域 Materials Science Technical Aspects Scientific Aspects Research Fields 研究领域 Materials Science Scientific Aspects Technical Aspects Phenomena Description Substance Synthesis Nature Properties Research Fields 研究领域 Materials Science Scientific Aspects Technical Aspects Substance Synthesis Phenomena Description Nature Properties Preparation / Fabrication Properties Determinations Applications Types of Materials 2.1 Metal Characteristics / properties is strong; can be readily formed into practical It’s ductility is an important asset in permitting small amounts of