民国时期青海东部地域自然灾害与乡村社会研究.pdf

民国时期青海东部地区自然灾害与乡村社会研究 中文摘要 民国时期，青海东部地区之自然灾害既频且重。说其频，乃是频次高、种类 多、区域覆盖广；说其重，乃是由灾而荒，对乡村社会影响深刻。首先，文章通 过纵向对比突出民国时期青海东部地区自然灾害“频”的各种表征，由表及里， 探讨其发生的原因，进而得出自然灾害频发的原因不仅仅在于区域内部极其脆弱 和特殊的自然环境，更在于区域人口增长极速、社会御灾能力不足等社会因素之 结论。其后，文章对社会各阶层面对灾荒所作出的反应做了较为详细的论述，呈 现出在应灾方面的这样一种事实：民国政府虽为主导，但力量有限；民间组织虽 积极参与，却力不从心；灾民无奈，转而求助于民间信仰以求心理慰藉。最后， 文章从乡村环境、乡村人口、乡村经济、乡民生活以及乡村社会秩序等方面来考 察灾荒对民国时期青海东部乡村社会的影响，进而描绘出民国时期青海东部地区 的人民饱受灾荒摧残的一段血泪辛酸史，也从侧面展现出青海东部人民在与灾荒 害抗争过程中的大无畏精神。 关键词：民国，青海东部，自然灾害，乡村社会 II 万方数据 Study on the natural disasters and rural society of the eastern Qinghai region in the period of the Republic of China Abstact During the time of the Republic of China.There were frequent and serious natural disasters in the eastern Qinghai region.As for frequency ,it main refers to occuring fre- quently with various kinds and affecting more area coverage. As for severity,it means that the disaster leads to famine which has a bad effect to the rural society. First, the article hightlight the characterization of high frequencyof the disaster happen in eas- ten Qinghai region during theRepubic of China through the longitudinal comparision. From outward appearance to inner essence, the article probe into the occurrence reas- on,then get to know that it is more than the fragile and special natural factors but the fast population growth and the scarce anti-disater ability that result in the frequent nat- ural disaster. Thereafter, the article show detail discuss about the response all walks of cociety give to the natural disaster.The fact is :to the disaster relief, the government do