论大革命对法国乡村的影响.pdf

论大革命对法国农村的影响 摘 要 大革命是法国现代化进程中的重要里程碑，必然会给农村带来一定 的影响。对这一影响的研究，可以从农村改造的角度把握法国大革命的 过程和本质，深化对法国现代化道路曲折性的理解，同时能够为我国现 代化建设提供借鉴。 首先，法国大革命摧毁了农民的封建枷锁，大量农民取得土地所有 权，但大革命没有改变反而加强了农民的小农思想，大革命后农民的政 治取向趋向保守。 其次，法国大革命加速了农村公社的瓦解，使农村社会结构出现了 现代化的趋势。但大革命巩固了农村的小农社会，农村社会的传统性依 然存在。 最后，法国大革命改变了农村土地的占有结构，消除了土地经营方 式的封建残余。但大革命后农村以小农经济为主，农业生产内容主要是 谷物和葡萄，这些形成了大革命后法国农业发展的瓶颈。 从法国大革命对农村的影响来看，农村的传统性根深蒂固，对农村 的改造不是一朝一夕的问题，促进农村与城市的协调发展是现代化进程 中的重要内容。 关键词：法国 大革命 农民 农村社会 农业 On the Revolutions Influence over the French Countryside Abstract The French revolution is a milestone in the process of French modernization and inevitably extends its far-reaching influence over the French countryside, which not only makes it easier for us to understand the process and essence of the French revolution from the angel of reforming countries, but also deepen the comprehension of the tortuous French modernization course. What’s more, it provides a model for the modernization of our country. At first, the Revolution smashed the yoke of feudalism on peasantry, and a large number of peasants obtained land ownership. However, the Revolution strengthened the small-scale peasantry ideology instead of changing it. As a result, the political tropism of the peasantry was inclined to conservatism after the Revolutionary. Secondly, on one hand, the Revolution hastened the collapse of rural commune as well as brought about the trend of modernization in the rural social structure. On the other hand, the Revolution even consolidated the society of small-scale peasantry in the countries, having tradition of rural society still existing. Finally, the Revolu